gtk based file managers don't compare file names directly, but use some smartness (like needed for this issue) in order to generate a key for comparison, the so called "collate key".
Thank you for looking into this @alexxcons . Should've known that it would be GTK as the underlying issue. Unfortunately, I can't report the issue at gnome gitlab, I'm permanently banned there.
Actually, I cannot reproduce the 'good' result via console :
schwinn@schwinn-gsi:~/misc/programming/xfce/thunar_test/issue #1015_glib_sorting_bug/misc$ ls -alinsgesamt 40drwxrwsrwx+ 5 schwinn users 4096 11. Aug 22:23 .drwxrwsrwx+ 4 schwinn users 4096 10. Aug 17:37 ..-rw-rw-rw-+ 1 schwinn users 0 10. Aug 17:35 'FWave I - Discovery'-rw-rw-rw-+ 1 schwinn users 0 10. Aug 17:35 'FWave III - Freedom'-rw-rw-rw-+ 1 schwinn users 0 10. Aug 17:35 'FWave II - Threashold'drwxrwsrwx+ 2 schwinn users 4096 11. Aug 22:18 'Wave I - Discovery'drwxrwsrwx+ 2 schwinn users 4096 11. Aug 22:19 'Wave III - Freedom'drwxrwsrwx+ 2 schwinn users 4096 11. Aug 22:19 'Wave II - Threashold'
I am not sure if such a roman number 'smartness' should be added at all. E.g. how you can know if a single V is meant to be a romand 5, or if it is just supposed to be a single V ?
Let's better not make assumptions, which can be wrong in many use-cases.
Instead, in case it is important for you, you could try using the roman number unicode table: https://symbl.cc/en/collections/roman-numerals/ and see if sorting works correctly for that (i doubt so)
I don't know why your console output is different to mine. I did find a file manager that is able to sort this correctly:
As for not being sure about roman number 'smartness', does your logic and reasoning part of your brain tell you "this is okay" when you look at the sequence I, III, II? Mine just screams "this is wrong"